Primary
12 On Your Side Digital Team. “‘We Are Back’: Boil Water Advisories Lifted.” WWBT, January 11, 2025. https://www.12onyourside.com/2025/01/11/boil-water-advisories-lifted-all-areas/.
Avula, Dr. Danny. “Update on the City of Richmond’s water restoration efforts.” Slides, Council Chamber, 2nd Floor – City Hall, Richmond, Virginia, January 13, 2025.
Bryson, Anna, and Samuel B. Parker. “Stoney Points to Predecessor as Richmond Water Crisis Seeps into LG Race.” Richmond Times-Dispatch, June 11, 2025. https://richmond.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/elections/article_0270dfcf-133f-4427-ab53-0448c9c971db.html.
City of Richmond. DECLARATION OF LOCAL EMERGENCY. Richmond, VA: Office of the Mayor. January 5, 2025.
City of Richmond. January 2025 Winter Storm Incident Response Assessment and Improvement Plan. Richmond, VA: City of Richmond, June 11, 2025.
City of Richmond. Ordinance No. 2025-004. Richmond, VA: City of Richmond. Adopted January 27, 2025.
Coleburn, Caroline. “Richmond Airport Loses Water. What Happens Now?” CBS 6 News Richmond WTVR, January 7, 2025. https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/richmond-airport-loses-water-jan-7-2024.
Edwards, Joe. “How Did Richmond’s Water Crisis Happen?” Newsweek, January 8, 2025. https://www.newsweek.com/how-did-richmond-water-crisis-happen-virginia-2011769.
Holland, Sarah B. “Fluoride Overflow Statement.” Virginia Health Catalyst, May 2, 2025.
“Lessons from Flint’s Water Crisis: An Interview with Steve Friess.” urbanNext. Accessed October 31, 2025. https://urbannext.net/lessons-from-flints-water-crisis/.
Morris, Scott. “Overview – Richmond.” Slides, Richmond Department of Public Utilities Main Conference Room, Virginia, June 30, 2025.
Peifer, Karri. “Timeline: How Richmond’s water crisis unfolded.” Axios Richmond, January 13, 2025. https://www.axios.com/local/richmond/2025/01/13/richmond-water-crisis-timeline.
“Richmond Regional Water Crisis.” Hanover County, VA, January 21, 2025. https://www.hanovercounty.gov/1398/Richmond-Regional-Water-Crisis.
Richmonder Staff. “Update: Downtown Water Main Is Fixed, City Says.” The Richmonder, June 2, 2025. https://www.richmonder.org/first-attempt-to-fix-broken-water-main-is-unsuccessful-service-remains-intact/.
Stewart, Ian. “Richmond Residents Sought out the City’s Natural Springs during Water Crisis.” Virginia Mercury, January 23, 2025. https://virginiamercury.com/2025/01/23/richmond-residents-sought-out-the-citys-natural-springs-during-water-crisis/.
The Richmonder. “Richmond took ‘little proactive action’ to prep water plant for storm, according to updated report.” Last modified March 03, 2025. https://www.richmonder.org/richmond-took-little-proactive-action-to-prep-water-plant-for-storm-according-to-updated-report/.
Virginia Department of Health. “Richmond Water Plant Response.” Last modified October 10, 2025. https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/news/richmond-water-plant-response/.
“Water Utility.” City of Richmond Public Utilities. Accessed December 4, 2025. https://www.rva.gov/public-utilities/water-utility.
WTVR CBS 6 Web Staff. “Henrico County in State of Emergency amid ‘less than Ideal’ Water Situation.” CBS 6 News Richmond WTVR, May 30, 2025. https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/henrico-water-pressure-may-30-2025.
Secondary
Haffner, James D., and Elizabeth M. Gennady. Water Infrastructure Issues. 1st ed. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
Hangan, Anca, Costin-Gabriel Chiru, Diana Arsene, Zoltan Czako, Dragos Florin Lisman, Mariana Mocanu, Bogdan Pahontu, Alexandru Predescu, and Gheorghe Sebestyen. 2022. “Advanced Techniques for Monitoring and Management of Urban Water Infrastructures—An Overview” Water 14, no. 14: 2174. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142174
Islam, Asif, and Marie Hyland. “The Drivers and Impacts of Water Infrastructure Reliability: A Global Analysis of Manufacturing Firms,” Ecological Economics 163 (2019): 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.024
Lucas, William C., and David J. Sample. “Reducing Combined Sewer Overflows by Using Outlet Controls for Green Stormwater Infrastructure: Case Study in Richmond, Virginia,” Journal of Hydrology 520 (2015): 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.029
Masten, Susan J., Simon H. Davies, and Shawn P. McElmurry. “Flint Water Crisis: What Happened and Why?” Journal – American Water Works Association 108, no. 12 (2016): 22–34. https://doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0195.
Taiwo, Ridwan, Ibrahim A. Shaban, and Tarek Zayed. “Development of Sustainable Water Infrastructure: A Proper Understanding of Water Pipe Failure,” Journal of Cleaner Production 398 (2023): 136653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136653
van Leeuwen, Cornelis J., Jan Hofman, Peter Driessen, and Jos Frijns. The Challenges of Water Management and Governance in Cities. MDPI Books, 2019.